![Commuters walk on an overpass at a railway station in Mumbai.](https://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/india-economic-growth-working-population-demographics-05172023-1.jpg?w=519&h=259&crop=1)
The U.N. recently projected that India will replace China as the world’s most-populous country this year, fueling discussion about whether India’s swelling population could create a “demographic dividend” that would allow it to surpass China economically as well. But India has a lot of ground to cover to meet those expectations.