In Africa, the Great Green Wall aimed at combating Sahel desertification and climate change is largely considered a failure.

In 2007, the African Union launched the Great Green Wall project, an attempt to combat expanding desertification in the Sahel by planting a barrier of trees 10 miles wide across 4,500 miles by 2030. But the wall has so far produced disappointing results and shows the complexities of implementing a grand continent-wide scheme.

Water scarcity has led to some countries attempting to explore trading water and creating international water laws

Acute water stress around the world has galvanized efforts to find new approaches and innovative solutions to access and maintain increasingly scarce water supplies. But critical questions about such trade, particularly with regard to the application of international trade law to untreated water, remain unresolved.

Disaster diplomacy is just one sign of how natural disasters, like the earthquake in Turkey and Syria, often have political responses.

Why we pay so much attention to some tragedies, like this week’s earthquake in Turkey and Syria, and not others is bound up in questions of cause and effect. There is nothing political about an earthquake, we tell ourselves. There are no perpetrators, only victims. But politics always plays a role in the impact of a natural disaster.

Climate change action will need urgent action. Voluntary carbon markets could be an important part of that.

Carbon markets are set to explode on the world stage. And while they are relatively small compared to regulatory compliance markets, voluntary markets are growing fast. Are they an effective way for companies—and the world—to achieve net zero emissions? The jury is out, with strong voices arguing for and against.