An Afghan man in Kabul.

Congressional hearings on the Biden administration’s controversial withdrawal from Afghanistan in 2021 have become a renewed focal point for political narratives about blame. But they also create an opportunity to consider counterfactual hypothetical scenarios that could expand our understanding of the U.S failure in Afghanistan.

After the US withdrawal from Afghanistan, Afghan refugees are now stuck in limbo.

The United States has placed numerous bureaucratic obstacles in the way of Afghans seeking asylum in the United States. Even the lucky few who have made it to the United States have only been offered temporary refuge, and many now face being returned to Afghanistan.

Iranian Foreign Minister Hossein Amir-Abdollahian.

For two decades, Iran blamed much of Afghanistan’s miseries on the military intervention there by the U.S. and its allies. But two years after the U.S. withdrawal that Tehran had long demanded, and with the Taliban now firmly in power in Kabul, Iran finds itself facing a unique set of challenges emanating from Afghanistan.

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