Globally, human rights remain under attack, whether by populist movements desperate to gain power or authoritarian governments eager to maintain it. Technology has opened up new frontiers for sharing dissenting ideas across borders, but also for governments to curb their citizens’ ability to express them. And broad assaults are underway on institutions like the International Criminal Court, which was established not only to offer recourse for the victims of rights violations, but to establish an international human rights benchmark. Instead, respect for human rights is being replaced by a dangerous intolerance.
Around the world, populist authoritarians have built their movements by demonizing minorities. In Poland, incumbent President Andrzej Duda ran for reelection in 2020—and won—on an explicitly anti-LGBTQ platform. In Spain, the far-right Vox party has made hostility to gender equality and LGBTQ rights central to its agenda. And even Peru’s recently ousted left-wing president, Pedro Castillo, demonized activists for gender equality and LGBTQ rights, despite championing an ostensibly progressive economic agenda.
Meanwhile, in China, the central government is carrying out an organized campaign in Xinjiang to strip the predominantly Muslim ethnic Uyghur population of its cultural identity, including through the use of concentration camps and forced labor. And in Venezuela, the government of President Nicolas Maduro was recently accused by investigators for the U.N. Human Rights Council of having engaged in crimes against humanity, targeting political dissenters with arbitrary detention, torture and extralegal killings.
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At the same time, the populist rise has invigorated civil society efforts to protect historically marginalized communities, including members of the LGBTQ community, religious minorities and Indigenous groups. And with the emergence of a tougher line on China in the U.S., but also in Europe, governments are beginning to impose sanctions on Chinese officials and enterprises involved in the abuses in Xinjiang.
WPR has covered human rights issues in detail and continues to examine key questions about new developments. What are the most effective ways to protect human rights, and what additional steps might be taken? What role will technology play in both preserving and circumscribing human rights? And how will changes in the international order and global balance of power affect the human rights landscape?
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Political Dissent and Press Freedom
The resurgence of populist authoritarian regimes around the world has taken a toll on a range of freedoms related to democracy, including freedom of speech, freedom to express political dissent and freedom of the press. In addition to facing crackdowns and arrest, government critics and the press are increasingly targeted by so-called fake news laws that are often a cover for censorship. At the same time, new spyware technologies have made surveillance more effective—and more accessible to repressive regimes with a record of silencing their critics.
- How Southeast Asia was ahead of the trend of transnational repression, in Southeast Asia Has Become a Hotbed of Transnational Repression
- Why Tunisia’s crackdown on dissent is directly related to its economic crisis, in Saied Is Sinking Tunisia’s Democracy—and Its Economy
- Why Zimbabwe’s political opposition never stood a chance in its recent presidential election, in In Zimbabwe, State Coercion, Voter Apathy Pave Way for Mnangagwa Reelection
- Why efforts to improve Burundi’s human rights landscape have stalled, in In Burundi, Human Rights Reforms Are No Longer a Priority
Women’s Rights and Gender Equality
While women’s rights have made great strides worldwide in terms of legal protections, in practice women continue to face challenges ranging from violence and wage discrimination to unfair family law and social customs. Despite some recent victories, gender equality around the world remains far from a reality. And in places where women had made gains in expanding their rights, they have suffered recent setbacks—with the U.S. Supreme Court’s decision to overturn the Roe v. Wade ruling that guaranteed the right to an abortion being a prime example.
- Why recent progress on reproductive rights is in jeopardy, in Abortion Rights Are Facing a Global Backlash
- Why politics—and particularly gender equality—is inseparable from the Women’s World Cup tournament, in For the Women’s World Cup, Politics Is a Part of the Brand
- Why women’s political leadership is more important now than ever, in It’s Not Democracy Without Women in Positions of Power
Religious and Ethnic Minorities
Attacks in the past few years in the United States, New Zealand and Sri Lanka point to a worrying rise of violent intolerance for religious minorities. But even where violence remains the exception to the rule, protections for religious minorities around the world are often more de jure than de facto, even as religious nationalism has emerged as a potent tool for mobilizing political support among dominant religious groups. Meanwhile, the rise to prominence of the movement protesting police violence against Black people in the U.S. and Europe has put racism in the spotlight worldwide.
- Why the U.S. and France don’t see eye to eye on secularism, in Le Bruit et l’Odeur: The Roots of the U.S.-France Divide Over Secularism
- What’s driving the confrontation over Israel’s proposed judicial reforms, in Israel’s Protests Are a Battle Over the Meaning of a Jewish State
- How India’s film industry has become the latest battleground over Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s Hindu nationalist agenda, in Bollywood Is Fueling Modi’s Hindu-Nationalist Agenda
LGBTQ Rights
Despite the gradual introduction of protections for members of the LGBTQ community in some countries, they remain under threat in much of the world. Meanwhile, the rise of populist movements in Europe and elsewhere has called into question previous gains made by LGBTQ activists.
- How Spain’s far-right Vox party is threatening the country’s consensus on LGBTQ rights and gender equality, in Progressives Won Spain’s Culture Wars. Vox Wants to Refight Them
- Why a recent victory on same-sex marriage is not a panacea for LGBTQ rights in Cuba, in After Marriage Equality, Cuba’s LGBTQ Activists Still Have Work to Do
- Why the U.N. has a lot of catching up to do on LGBTQ rights, in The U.N. Needs to Speak Up on Anti-LGBTQ Violence
Indigenous Rights
While Indigenous communities are under assault around the world, disputes over resource extraction have emerged as a critical fault line, particularly in Latin America. Elsewhere, political and economic marginalization continue to pose difficult challenges.
- Why Indigenous communities must play a central role in protecting Earth’s environment and biodiversity, in Protecting Biodiversity Will Take More Than Just the ‘30X30’ Target
- What can be done to better protect environmental activists, particularly among Indigenous communities, from being targeted with violence, in Defending the Environment Shouldn’t Be Deadly
- How Bolivia’s efforts to reimagine the state’s relationship to Indigenous groups fell short of fundamental change, in Bolivia’s ‘Plurinational’ Experiment Has Fallen Short for Indigenous Peoples
Editor’s note: This article was originally published in May 2019 and is regularly updated.