For over two years, the coronavirus pandemic upended life as we know it with its devastating effects not only on health, but on domestic economies and multilateral trade, cooperation and aid. It reframed domestic politics by crowding out other issues, with political performances measured against how successfully leaders navigated their countries through the pandemic. Failure to do so toppled seemingly entrenched rulers, while upending politics in electoral democracies. Afraid of facing similar consequences, some governments used the pandemic as a pretext for restricting free speech and stripping away the rule of law.
Meanwhile, the pandemic stalled economies and wiped out millions of jobs, leaving governments everywhere struggling to map out possible paths to recovery. There have been calls for debt relief across the Global South, and the economic damage has required sustained government interventions to head off catastrophe.
In light of the restrictions imposed to stop the coronavirus’s spread, deeply embedded societal structures suddenly began to receive renewed scrutiny. Mounting inequality and crackdowns on civil rights in some countries contributed to a surge in social protest movements and civil resistance. Frustrations with government responses to the pandemic encouraged broader reconsiderations of political and economic systems, and fueled calls to address legacies of police brutality, racism and colonialism.
The lasting damage of COVID-19 has not spared the multilateral system and international organizations that have emerged since World War II to help ensure peace and coordinate global responses to challenges that cut across borders—like the coronavirus pandemic. Global health governance has taken a beating, with the World Health Organization criticized from all sides for its handling of the initial outbreak. Despite the rollout of effective vaccines, international coordination to ensure they are being fairly distributed remains impotent.
Instead, vaccine nationalism resulted in some wealthy countries hoarding supplies, leaving poor countries dependent on vaccine diplomacy, which became the latest form of international competition. Only when their own populations were close to being fully vaccinated did vaccine-rich countries begin to deliver doses to those that went without. Meanwhile, the global economy has also been upended, but there is no indication governments—particularly Washington and Beijing—are interested in cooperating to build more resilience.
WPR has covered the impact of the coronavirus pandemic in detail and continues to examine key questions about what might come next. What lasting impact will the pandemic have on the global distribution of power? Will it permanently alter global trade patterns? Will countries “build back better,” in terms of both green economies and social justice, after the pandemic? Below are some of the highlights of WPR’s coverage.
Our Most Recent Coverage
The G-20 Common Framework Needs Upgrades to Prevent a Global Debt Crisis
As inflation rates spike and interest rates rise, many countries are facing looming sovereign debt crises. A mechanism like the G-20’s Common Framework for Debt Treatments, launched during the pandemic to address what was feared would become a global debt crisis, is becoming more important than ever—but to be effective it needs to address major shortcomings.
Domestic Politics
The pandemic tested countries’ political systems, while at the same time providing leaders with political cover for unpopular or illiberal measures. While some democratic leaders faced electoral consequences for their halting responses, successfully confronting the pandemic did not necessarily guarantee political immunity. Countries like Germany saw a growing backlash to coronavirus restrictions. In China, success at preventing the spread of the coronavirus has come at a heavy cost, as the government continues to rely on draconian measures that nevertheless leave the population vulnerable to more contagious variants.
- Why China is still not easing up on its draconian pandemic response policies, in Despite the Costs, Xi Has Hitched His Political Fortunes to ‘Zero COVID’
- What China’s mass lockdowns mean for the country’s delivery drivers, in China’s ‘Zero COVID’ Measures Are Taking a Toll on Gig Workers
- How disillusionment with China’s draconian “zero COVID” policies is driving a wave of emigration, in China’s Elites Are Rushing for the Exits
- How pandemic responses by the world’s democracies can provide cover for the world’s authoritarians, in The Pandemic Is Providing Cover for ‘Opportunistic Repression’
Economic Fallout and Global Trade
With global trade slowed and domestic businesses battered by COVID-19 restrictions, including months-long shutdowns in some countries, governments desperately sought out strategies to revive their economies. Now, with economic activity beginning to bounce back, fears over inflation, strained supply chains and a global debt crisis have become more urgent.
- How the pandemic fully exposed Laos’ preexisting debt problems, in Laos’ Debt-Fueled Economy Is Going Up in Smoke
- How China’s pandemic-response measures are disrupting the global economy, in China’s ‘Zero COVID’ Strategy Is Spooking Investors
- Why the pandemic’s impact on the global economy is nowhere near being over, in The Global Economy Has a Case of ‘Long COVID’
- What the prospects are for putting post-pandemic tourism and travel on a more sustainable footing, in Can Influencers Save the Travel Industry From Itself?
Multilateral Cooperation Versus Competition
At first glance, the pandemic would seem to be a tailor-made crisis for multilateral cooperation. Instead, with a few exceptions, the initial response was characterized by “medical nationalism” and “an every country for itself” mentality. Heightened tensions between the U.S. and China impeded efforts to formulate a collective response in multilateral institutions and forums like the United Nations and the G-20. Nor did international cooperation materialize to widely distribute vaccines once they were available. But given the nature of a pandemic, in which the world’s health is only as secure as that of its weakest member, the lack of cooperation ultimately opened to door to multiple waves of infection, while complicating efforts to mitigate the economic fallout and boost recoveries.
- How two years after the pandemic’s onset, reliable data is still lacking—and why it matters, in Reliable COVID Data Is Still in Short Supply
- What animal COVID means for our ability to fight the pandemic, in Animal COVID Reveals Gaps in Global Health Governance
- How African countries can more effectively use the diplomatic tools they have to address inequities in the global pandemic response, in Africa Has More Leverage on Pandemic Inequities Than It Realizes
- What it will take to end the coronavirus pandemic, in Only a Truly Global Vaccination Campaign Will End the Pandemic
Policy Implications
As the pandemic upended established systems, it led to a reconsideration of long-accepted policies and approaches, as well as our relationship to familiar practices and institutions. While those disruptions can be destabilizing, they also give rise to opportunities to discover new models in areas like health and education, but also tourism and the relationship between governments and religions.
- Why excluding young people from pandemic policymaking is both unjust and misguided, in Young People Should Have a Say on COVID-19 Policy
- What it will take to make post-pandemic recovery sustainable, in There Will Be No Pandemic Recovery Without Tackling Youth Unemployment
- Why including women is essential to any effective pandemic response and recovery, in To ‘Build Back Better,’ Listen to Women
- Why hunger is becoming a pandemic within the pandemic, in Repairing the Damage to Global Food Systems From COVID-19
Editor’s note: This article was originally published in January 2021 and is regularly updated.